Russia http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/ en Russia uses deadly chemical weapons against Ukrainian soldiers, experts confirm http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/CBW-disinformation/russia-uses-deadly-chemical-weapons-against-ukrainian-soldiers-experts-confirm <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Russia uses deadly chemical weapons against Ukrainian soldiers, experts confirm</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cbwtype--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--list-float.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cbwtype field--type-list-float field--label-hidden field__item">News / Event</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/index.php/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 03/04/2024 - 21:25</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/index.php/CBW-disinformation/russia-uses-deadly-chemical-weapons-against-ukrainian-soldiers-experts-confirm" hreflang="en">Russia uses deadly chemical weapons against Ukrainian soldiers, experts confirm</a></h2> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item">February 01, 2024</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumb--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-thumb.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-thumb.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumb field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/2024-03/RG-Vo%20grenades-%20Andrii%20Rudyk_0.jpeg" width="320" height="200" alt="RG-Vo grenades. Credit: Andrii Rudyk" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Russia is actively using chemical weapons against the Ukrainian military, <a href="https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid035vDraRQQxwbioHHJTNaupigoP1iuYjvgLv2jDReQwCWftNbHsbxtAqv9MwKUZVq6l&amp;id=100069092624537&amp;paipv=0&amp;eav=AfZr8Alsp89BtCt2pheC-B5yaPlilPSrM3cduY5Fo7Fs6Jb3nXqiz7DxrByuPBbkF-w&amp;_rdr">according</a> to Captain Andrii Rudyk, a representative of the Center for Research of Trophy and Advanced Weapons and Military Equipment of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.</p> <p>The use of chemical weapons is a serious war crime and is prohibited by several international conventions to which Russia is still a signatory.</p> <p>Russian troops use a new type of special RG-Vo gas grenades containing an irritant agent against Ukrainian soldiers, Andrii Rudyk stated at a briefing at the Military Media Center in Kyiv on 25 January. According to him, the Russian army first used such grenades in Ukraine in December 2023.</p> <p>The name of the grenade RG-Vo stands for “hand grenade – poisonous substance” in Russian, which indicates its purpose. According to Andrii Rudyk, in December 2023, a total of 81 cases of the use of Russian grenades with poisonous substances were recorded.</p> <p><strong>Complete article link/January 26, 2024: <a href="https://euromaidanpress.com/2024/01/26/russia-uses-deadly-chemical-weapons-against-ukrainian-soldiers-experts-confirm/">https://euromaidanpress.com/2024/01/26/russia-uses-deadly-chemical-weap…</a></strong></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--tags--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--tags.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Tags</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/814" hreflang="en">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/249" hreflang="en">Russia</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/563" hreflang="en">Chemical weapon</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/1082" hreflang="en">CBW</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/1083" hreflang="en">Disinformation </a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Mon, 04 Mar 2024 15:55:13 +0000 excelsolutions 936 at http://www.sspconline.org Russia's FSB Thwarts Ukraine's Chemical Weapons Terrorist Plot in Zaporozhye Region http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/CBW-disinformation/russias-fsb-thwarts-ukraines-chemical-weapons-terrorist-plot-zaporozhye-region <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Russia&#039;s FSB Thwarts Ukraine&#039;s Chemical Weapons Terrorist Plot in Zaporozhye Region</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cbwtype--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--list-float.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cbwtype field--type-list-float field--label-hidden field__item">News / Event</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/index.php/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 03/04/2024 - 21:10</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/index.php/CBW-disinformation/russias-fsb-thwarts-ukraines-chemical-weapons-terrorist-plot-zaporozhye-region" hreflang="en">Russia&#039;s FSB Thwarts Ukraine&#039;s Chemical Weapons Terrorist Plot in Zaporozhye Region</a></h2> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item">March 04, 2024</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumb--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-thumb.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-thumb.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumb field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/2024-03/Zaporozhye%20Region.png" width="408" height="320" alt="Map" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) said on Tuesday that it thwarted a terrorist attack with the use of an analogue of the BZ chemical warfare agent in the Zaporozhye region, adding that three citizens of Ukraine were detained.</p> <blockquote><p>"Russia's Federal Security Service prevented an attempt by the Ukrainian special services to commit an <a href="https://sputniknews.in/20240225/russian-forces-maintain-dominance-continue-howitzer-attacks-in-zaporozhye-6667705.html">act of terrorism</a> in the Zaporozhye region using a NATO-classification BZ chemical warfare agent analogue. The seized substances are used to create chemical weapons of mass destruction and were developed in the US. Three citizens of Ukraine were detained," the FSB said in a statement.</p> </blockquote> <p>The Investigation Department of the Federal Security Service of Russia has opened and is investigating a criminal case under Article 355 (Development, production, stockpiling, acquisition or sale of weapons of mass destruction) and Article 205 (Terrorist act) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.</p> <p><strong>Complete Article Link (</strong><a href="https://sputniknews.in/20240227/">27.02.2024</a>) <strong>: <a href="https://sputniknews.in/20240227/russias-fsb-thwarts-terrorist-attack-with-use-of-chemical-warfare-agent-in-zaporozhye-region-6684813.html">https://sputniknews.in/20240227/russias-fsb-thwarts-terrorist-attack-wi…</a></strong></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--tags--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--tags.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Tags</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/814" hreflang="en">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/249" hreflang="en">Russia</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/1082" hreflang="en">CBW</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/563" hreflang="en">Chemical weapon</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/1083" hreflang="en">Disinformation </a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Mon, 04 Mar 2024 15:40:09 +0000 excelsolutions 935 at http://www.sspconline.org BRIC(S) By BRICK: The BRICS+ is an equal Partnership of Countries that have differing views... http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/sspc-in-media/brics-brick-brics-equal-partnership-countries-have-differing-views <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--inmedia.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--inmedia.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">BRIC(S) By BRICK: The BRICS+ is an equal Partnership of Countries that have differing views...</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--inmedia.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--inmedia.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2024-02-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 02/01/2024 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--inmedia.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--inmedia.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/index.php/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--inmedia.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--inmedia.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 02/01/2024 - 16:06</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Thu, 01 Feb 2024 10:36:53 +0000 excelsolutions 927 at http://www.sspconline.org CSIS: "Information Pollution and What It Means for Arms Control" http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/CBW-disinformation/csis-information-pollution-and-what-it-means-arms-control <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">CSIS: &quot;Information Pollution and What It Means for Arms Control&quot;</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cbwtype--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--list-float.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cbwtype field--type-list-float field--label-hidden field__item">Document / Report</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/index.php/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 01/31/2024 - 21:00</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/index.php/CBW-disinformation/csis-information-pollution-and-what-it-means-arms-control" hreflang="en">CSIS: &quot;Information Pollution and What It Means for Arms Control&quot;</a></h2> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item">January 31, 2024</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumb--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-thumb.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-thumb.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumb field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/2024-02/CSIS.png" width="56" height="56" alt="CSIS logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Over the past decade, Russia has stepped up its disinformation campaigns to erode trust in arms control across the nuclear, chemical, and biological domains. The new era of rapidly disseminated disinformation poses significant challenges to U.S. national security and, more specifically, to arms control verification and compliance. In this polluted information environment, offense is king. <strong>This paper examines how the Douma chemical weapons attack eroded the Chemical Weapons Convention, how Russian disinformation about fake Ukrainian biological weapons laboratories undermined trust in the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), and how Russian disinformation campaigns influenced the collapse of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. In each of these cases, Russia used diverse tactics and messaging methods—including social media, news media, and diplomatic channels—to spread false information and create political pressures. These campaigns matter for future U.S. arms control efforts because arms control agreements are inherently political tools susceptible to being undermined by political pressures.</strong></p> <p>Author: <strong><a href="https://www.csis.org/people/joseph-rodgers">Joseph Rodgers</a>, "Information Pollution and What It Means for Arms Control</strong>", <em>CSIS</em>, January 25, 2024. Full Report, <a href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/information-pollution-and-what-it-means-arms-control">Read HERE</a>:</p> <p><em>This report is produced by the <a href="https://www.csis.org">Center for Strategic and International Studies </a>(CSIS), a private, tax-exempt institution focusing on international public policy issues. Its research is nonpartisan and nonproprietary. CSIS does not take specific policy positions. Accordingly, all views, positions, and conclusions expressed in this publication should be understood to be solely those of the author(s). © 2024 by the Center for Strategic and International Studies. All rights reserved.</em></p> <p> </p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--tags--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--tags.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Tags</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/139" hreflang="en">Syria</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/1083" hreflang="en">Disinformation </a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/249" hreflang="en">Russia</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/417" hreflang="en">BWC</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/143" hreflang="en">CWC</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/563" hreflang="en">Chemical weapon</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/418" hreflang="en">Biological Weapon</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Wed, 31 Jan 2024 15:30:56 +0000 excelsolutions 930 at http://www.sspconline.org "How Russia turned America’s helping hand to Ukraine into a vast lie" http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/CBW-disinformation/how-russia-turned-americas-helping-hand-ukraine-vast-lie <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">&quot;How Russia turned America’s helping hand to Ukraine into a vast lie&quot;</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cbwtype--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--list-float.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cbwtype field--type-list-float field--label-hidden field__item">Opinion / Analysis</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Fri, 06/09/2023 - 17:21</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/CBW-disinformation/how-russia-turned-americas-helping-hand-ukraine-vast-lie" hreflang="en">&quot;How Russia turned America’s helping hand to Ukraine into a vast lie&quot;</a></h2> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item">March 30, 2023</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumb--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-thumb.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-thumb.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumb field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-06/WP.png" width="311" height="162" alt="WP logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Information is the world’s lifeblood. It pulsates in torrents of facts and images. We are swamped with it.</p> <p>But information can be poison, a dangerous weapon. Disinformation, or organized lying, can be used to wage political warfare. As the historian Thomas Rid wrote in “Active Measures,” his book on the subject, disinformation can weaken a political system that places its trust in truth. “Disinformation operations, in essence, erode the very foundations of open societies,” he wrote.</p> <p>A disinformation operation now being waged by Russia shows in stark detail how this malevolence works. Taking a program by the United States that was intended to make people healthier and safer in the former Soviet Union, a program it had welcomed and participated in for 22 years, Russia twisted facts into a cloud of falsehoods. The campaign, rooted in decades-old traditions of disinformation by the Kremlin, has intensified during Russia’s ruinous war on Ukraine in the last year.</p> <p>In a previous editorial in this series, we examined how young people who posted freely on social media have been wrongly arrested and sentenced to years in prison by authoritarian regimes. This editorial looks at disinformation as a tool of dictatorship. Disinformation is not just “fake news” or propaganda but an insidious contamination of the world’s conversations. And it is exploding.</p> <p><strong>A helping hand</strong></p> <p>On Aug. 29, 2005, Barack Obama, then a Democratic senator from Illinois, and Sen. Richard G. Lugar, Republican of Indiana, visited a laboratory at Kyiv’s Central Sanitary and Epidemiological Station in Ukraine. This facility was not well secured and, by the nature of its public health work, held dangerous pathogens. Andy Weber, a U.S. Defense Department official, showed Mr. Obama a tray of small vials: samples of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. “I saw test tubes filled with anthrax and the plague lying virtually unlocked and unguarded — dangers we were told could only be secured with America’s help,” Mr. Obama recalled.</p> <blockquote><p><strong>Read Complete Editorial: "How Russia turned America’s helping hand to Ukraine into a vast lie", Washington Post, March 29, 2023,  <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/03/29/russia-disinformation-ukraine-bio-labs">https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/03/29/russia-disinformatio…</a></strong></p> </blockquote> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--tags--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--tags.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Tags</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1083" hreflang="en">Disinformation </a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/249" hreflang="en">Russia</a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/814" hreflang="en">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/1095" hreflang="en">Biolabs</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Fri, 09 Jun 2023 11:51:41 +0000 excelsolutions 887 at http://www.sspconline.org Reuters: "Without giving evidence, Russia says it probes Ukraine use of chemical weapons" http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/CBW-disinformation/reuters-without-giving-evidence-russia-says-it-probes-ukraine-use-chemical <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Reuters: &quot;Without giving evidence, Russia says it probes Ukraine use of chemical weapons&quot;</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cbwtype--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--list-float.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cbwtype field--type-list-float field--label-hidden field__item">News / Event</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 05/22/2023 - 19:07</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/CBW-disinformation/reuters-without-giving-evidence-russia-says-it-probes-ukraine-use-chemical" hreflang="en">Reuters: &quot;Without giving evidence, Russia says it probes Ukraine use of chemical weapons&quot;</a></h2> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item">February 10, 2023</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumb--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-thumb.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-thumb.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumb field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-05/Ukraine-Russia.jpg" width="525" height="350" alt="Russia-Ukraine" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>Russia's state Investigative Committee said on Monday it was examining the alleged use of chemical weapons by Ukrainian forces near the eastern Ukrainian towns of Soledar and Bakhmut.</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/without-supplying-evidence-russia-says-its-investigating-alleged-ukrainian-use-2023-02-06/">https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/without-supplying-evidence-russia-…</a></p> <p>February 7, 2023</p> <p>Feb 6 (Reuters) - Russia's state Investigative Committee said on Monday it was examining the alleged use of chemical weapons by Ukrainian forces near the eastern Ukrainian towns of Soledar and Bakhmut.</p> <p>Ukraine's Armed Forces said they had never used chemical weapons anywhere at any time and accused Moscow of engaging in disinformation and of itself using banned weapons.</p> <p>Russia's Investigative Committee said the Donetsk People's Republic, one of Russia's proxies in the territories it has seized and occupied, had reported the use of chemical weapons by Ukrainian drones near the two locations. The allegation was not accompanied by any publicly released evidence.</p> <p>"As a result, servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces are experiencing a deterioration in their health and characteristic symptoms of poisoning," the committee said, without providing details or identifying any substance.</p> <blockquote><p>Ukraine's Armed Forces said they adhered to laws of war. "The enemy's accusations of the use of chemical weapons by units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine are untrue," the public affairs office said in an emailed statement. It went on to say Ukraine had never used such weapons "anywhere ... at any time."</p> </blockquote> <p>Since the start of its invasion nearly a year ago, Russia has repeatedly warned that Ukraine might be preparing to use non-conventional weapons, including biological weapons or a radioactive dirty bomb. No such attack has materialised.</p> <p>Ukraine and its Western allies rejected those accusations but saw them as a possible prelude to a "false flag" attack, meaning Russia might itself resort to such tactics but seek to blame Ukraine. Russia has dismissed that claim.</p> <p>Ukraine's Armed Forces, in the statement, accused <strong>Russia of using "banned phosphorus and chloropicrin ammunition" and of using "disinformation as a weapon."</strong> [<em>Reporting by Reuters; editing by Guy Faulconbridge, Jon Boyle and Grant McCool]</em></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--tags--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--tags.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Tags</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/249" hreflang="en">Russia</a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/814" hreflang="en">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/1117" hreflang="en">Chemical Warfare</a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/1083" hreflang="en">Disinformation </a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Mon, 22 May 2023 13:37:29 +0000 excelsolutions 881 at http://www.sspconline.org Russia, Ukraine, and the Chemical Conundrum: Exploring the Use of White Phosphorus in Bakhmut http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/opinion-analysis/russia-ukraine-and-chemical-conundrum-exploring-use-white-phosphorus-bakhmut <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Russia, Ukraine, and the Chemical Conundrum: Exploring the Use of White Phosphorus in Bakhmut</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 05/10/2023 - 01:17</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2023-05-09T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Tue, 05/09/2023 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Tue, 09 May 2023 19:47:09 +0000 excelsolutions 878 at http://www.sspconline.org Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Complex and Significant Aspect of the Russia-Ukraine War http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/opinion-analysis/unmanned-aerial-vehicles-complex-and-significant-aspect-russia-ukraine-war <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Complex and Significant Aspect of the Russia-Ukraine War</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Sat, 02/18/2023 - 23:26</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2023-02-18T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Sat, 02/18/2023 - 12:00</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/time.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Sat, 18 Feb 2023 17:56:37 +0000 excelsolutions 869 at http://www.sspconline.org EJIS: "Disinformation in international politics" http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/CBW-disinformation/ejis-disinformation-international-politics <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">EJIS: &quot;Disinformation in international politics&quot;</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cbwtype--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--list-float.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cbwtype field--type-list-float field--label-hidden field__item">Opinion / Analysis</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 01/16/2023 - 23:44</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/CBW-disinformation/ejis-disinformation-international-politics" hreflang="en">EJIS: &quot;Disinformation in international politics&quot;</a></h2> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item">January 16, 2023</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumb--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-thumb.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-thumb.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumb field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-03/EJIS.png" width="188" height="268" alt="EJIS" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Concerns over disinformation have intensified in recent years. Policymakers, pundits, and observers worry that countries like Russia are spreading false narratives and disseminating rumours in order to shape international opinion and, by extension, government policies to their liking. Despite the importance of this topic, mainstream theories in International Relations offer contradictory guidance on how to think about disinformation. I argue that disinformation is ineffective in terms of changing the policies of a target as regards to its foreign policy alignments and armaments – that is, the balance of power. To be strategic- ally effective, disinformation must somehow overcome three powerful obstacles: first, the fundamental uncertainty that international anarchy generates over any information broadcasted by adversaries; second, the pre-existing prejudices of foreign policy elites and ordinary citizens; and third, the countermeasures that are available even amid political polarisation. I examine the most likely case of there seemingly being a conscious and effective strategy that emphasises disinformation: the Russian campaign that has targeted the Baltic states, especially since the 2014 annexation of Crimea. The available evidence strongly suggests that the strategic effects of disinformation are exaggerated.</p> <blockquote><p>Alexander Lanoszka, Department of Political Science, University of Waterloo and Department of International Politics at City, University of London ( Email: <a href="mailto:alexander.lanoszka@uwaterloo.ca">alexander.lanoszka@uwaterloo.ca</a>)</p> <p><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-international-security/article/abs/disinformation-in-international-politics/49121D3134C4079BF51E5012E6BE247A">https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-internation…</a></p> </blockquote> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--tags--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--tags.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Tags</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1083" hreflang="en">Disinformation </a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/267" hreflang="en">International Relations</a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/249" hreflang="en">Russia</a>, <a href="/taxonomy/term/1113" hreflang="en">Political Polarisation</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Mon, 16 Jan 2023 18:14:05 +0000 excelsolutions 872 at http://www.sspconline.org Press Coverage: “BIOLOGICAL (DIS)INFORMATION: Russia – Georgia – USA" http://www.sspconline.org/index.php/CBW-disinformation/press-coverage-biological-disinformation-russia-georgia-usa <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Press Coverage: “BIOLOGICAL (DIS)INFORMATION: Russia – Georgia – USA&quot; </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-cbwtype--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-cbwtype.html.twig * field--list-float.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-cbwtype field--type-list-float field--label-hidden field__item">News / Event</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/index.php/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">excelsolutions</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--cbw-opinion.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 01/09/2023 - 10:57</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-display-title--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-display-title.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-display-title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-display-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2><a href="/index.php/CBW-disinformation/press-coverage-biological-disinformation-russia-georgia-usa" hreflang="en">Press Coverage: “BIOLOGICAL (DIS)INFORMATION: Russia – Georgia – USA&quot; </a></h2> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-date--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-date.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-date.html.twig * field--datetime.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item">January 09, 2023</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-thumb--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--field-thumb.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--field-thumb.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-thumb field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/2023-01/Russia-Georgia%20media-Logo.jpeg" width="320" height="192" alt="Russia-Georgia Media logo collage" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><strong>1-Information on the production of dangerous viruses and bacteria in a Georgian laboratory under the auspices of the United States needs international verification - Igor Giorgadze</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.interfax.ru/presscenter/628867/">https://www.interfax.ru/presscenter/628867/</a> (September 11, 2018)</p> <p><strong>2-Georgia rejected Russia's accusations about the biological laboratory named after Lugara</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.interfax.ru/world/629389">https://www.interfax.ru/world/629389</a>/ (September 15, 2018)</p> <p><strong>3-The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation announced the death of 73 citizens of Georgia in a secret laboratory of the United States</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.interfax.ru/world/631904">https://www.interfax.ru/world/631904</a> (October 4<a href="https://www.interfax.ru/news/2018/10/04">,</a> 2018)</p> <p><strong>4-The Ministry of Health of Georgia denied the statements of the Russian Federation on the development of biological weapons</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.interfax.ru/world/631917/">https://www.interfax.ru/world/631917</a>  (<a href="https://www.interfax.ru/news/2018/10/04">October 4, 2018</a>)</p> <p><strong>5-The Ministry of Health of Georgia denied the words of the ex-minister about the laboratory's experiments on people</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.interfax.ru/world/632078">https://www.interfax.ru/world/632078</a> (<a href="https://www.interfax.ru/news/2018/10/05">October 5, 2018</a>)</p> <p><strong>6-Zurab Abashidze - Russia is trying to divert attention from the international community's accusations against Moscow with statements about the Lugar laboratory.</strong></p> <p><a href="https://1tv.ge/news/zurab-abashidze-ruseti-cdilobs-lugaris-laboratoriaze-ganckhadebebit-moskovis-winaaghmdeg-saertashoriso-sazogadoebis-braldebebidan-yuradgheba-gadaitanos">https://1tv.ge/news/zurab-abashidze-ruseti-cdilobs-lugaris-laboratoriaz…</a> (October 06, 2018)</p> <p><strong>7-Putin found it difficult to assess the reliability of reports on biological weapons in Georgia</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.interfax.ru/russia/634011">https://www.interfax.ru/russia/634011</a> (October 18, 2018)</p> <p><strong>8-Moscow demanded to admit Russian experts to all bio- laboratories of the Lugar center in Georgia</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.interfax.ru/world/710418">https://www.interfax.ru/world/710418</a> (May 26, 2020)</p> <p><strong>9-Moscow suspected the United States of developing bioweapons near the borders of the Russian Federation</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.interfax.ru/russia/760023">https://www.interfax.ru/russia/760023</a> (April 7, 2021)</p> <p><strong>10-</strong>Secretary of the Russian Security Council Nikolai Patrushev on the crisis in relations with the United States and ways out of it. <em><strong>INTERVIEW EXCERPT/</strong><strong> USA RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA/ </strong></em></p> <p><a href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4762137">https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4762137</a>/ KOMMERSANT (April 07, 2021)</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--upload--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--upload.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--upload.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-upload field--type-file field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="http://www.sspconline.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/Russia-US-Georgia-BIOLOGICAL%20Accusations.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=402152" title="Russia-US-Georgia-BIOLOGICAL Accusations.pdf">Full Text Compilation (PDF)</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--tags--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--node--tags.html.twig * field--node--cbw-opinion.html.twig * field--tags.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Tags</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/249" hreflang="en">Russia</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/1111" hreflang="en">Georgia</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/504" hreflang="en">USA</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/418" hreflang="en">Biological Weapon</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/1095" hreflang="en">Biolabs</a>, <a href="/index.php/taxonomy/term/1083" hreflang="en">Disinformation </a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/pushkar/templates/New folder/content/links--node.html.twig' --> Mon, 09 Jan 2023 05:27:08 +0000 excelsolutions 867 at http://www.sspconline.org