On 16 July, 2013 the UPA government decided in principle to open up as many as 13 sectors for foreign direct investment - ranging from 49 percent to 100 percent - with different caveats. Some needed approval through automatic routes, some approval through Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) and others with distinct riders.

Despite many pioneering works in the developed countries, defence economics has few takers in the developing world including India, where the relevance of the subject has not been comprehended until now. Even at present, many security analysts question the utility of application of economic principles in the strategic sector!