India and the European Union’s expanded strategic framework raises a practical question: how can closer cooperation reduce technological and economic vulnerabilities without requiring geopolitical alignment? This paper advances resilient interdependence as a framework for integrating trade, research, industrial development, and security cooperation.

This India-EU special series features contributions from scholars in the Department of Science, Technology and Policy Studies, School of Language and Literature/Humanities, Nalanda University, Bihar, India.

The India–US trade dispute is no longer just about tariffs. It is increasingly about whether access to America's market entails expectations of alignment with America's foreign policy.